April 26-28

Mustafa Kemal, his wife Hatice Hanim, and Kiazim Kara Bekir, March, 1923

Please read Ortalyi and Fromkin. Submit one form. Due Sunday, April 24; read Quataert, 192-198.

• Ilber Ortayli , "Ottomanism and Zionism During the Second Constitutional Period 1908-1915" in Avigdor Levy (ed), The Jews of the Ottoman Empire. Study guide for Ortayli .
• David Fromkin , "The Last Days of Old Europe," in his A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East. Study guide for Fromkin.